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Navigating (Mental) Health and Environmental Crises Through Cinematic and Digital Lenses

In the name of the Media, Health & Disablity workgroup, we presentend a panel at The NECS 2025 Conference “Discovering/Uncovering. Navigating the Complexities of Screen Media” (Lisbon, June 18–21, 2025): Navigating (Mental) Health and Environmental Crises Through Cinematic and Digital Lenses.

This panel examines the intersection of (mental) health and environmental crises as depicted in contemporary cinema and media. It explores how audiovisual narratives serve as platforms for uncovering and representing psychological conditions emerging in the Anthropocene era, with a particular focus on eco-anxiety and related mental health challenges.

The presentations investigate the role of autobiographical documentary filmmaking as a self-therapeutic approach to mental illness, highlighting the camera’s function as a tool for self-exploration and empowerment. They analyze how personal narratives within documentaries provide intimate insights into individuals’ experiences with mental illness, emphasizing the therapeutic and reflective aspects of these stories.

Additionally, the panel delves into the concept of “digital topographies of the self,” examining how digital media facilitates the reconstruction and repair of fragmented identities affected by mental health crises. It considers the fluctuating boundaries between private and public spaces in digital autobiographical narratives and how these narratives contribute to a deeper understanding of the human psyche during ecological upheaval.

Furthermore, the discussions address the portrayal of personal suffering as environmental suffering, exploring how filmmakers draw parallels between individual bodily pain and ecological distress. This perspective offers a nuanced understanding of how environmental degradation impacts mental health, reflecting on the interconnectedness of personal and planetary well-being.

By engaging with these themes, the panel aims to foster a comprehensive discussion on the responsibilities and complexities inherent in representing mental health and environmental crises in media. It seeks to uncover how cinematic and media narratives can contribute to destigmatizing mental health challenges and promote a deeper understanding of the psychological impacts of environmental issues in the contemporary world.

References

  • BRERETON, Pat (2015). Environmental Ethics and Film, London, Routledge.
  • BROPHY, Hailie, OLSON, Joanne, PAUL, Pauline (2023). “Eco-anxiety in Youth: An Integrative Literature Review”, International Journal of Mental Health Nursing 32(2), 633-661.
  • COHEN, Joshua L. and JOHNSON, J. Lauren (eds) (2015). Video and Filmmaking as Psychotherapy. Research and Practice, London/New York, Routledge.
  • DIETRICH, Tobias and PAULEIT, Winfried (eds.) (2022). Kopf/Kino. Psychische Erkrankung und Film, Berlin, Bertz und Fischer.
  • Goursat, Juliette (2016). Mises en “je”: autobiographie et film documentaire, Presses universitaires de Provence.
  • JOHNSON, J. Lauren (2020). “Therapeutic Filmmaking”, in The Routledge Companion to Health Humanities, London, Routledge (chapter 60).
  • JOHNSON, J. Lauren and ALDERSON, Kevin G. (2007). “Therapeutic Filmmaking: An Exploratory Pilot Study”, The Arts in Psychotherapy 35(1), 2008, 11-19.
  • KURTH, Charlie and PIHKALA, Panu (2022). “Eco-anxiety: What It Is and Why It Matters”, Frontiers in Psychology 13, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.981814
  • Leb PIHKALA, Panu (2020). “Anxiety and the Ecological Crisis: An Analysis of Eco-Anxiety and Climate Anxiety”, Sustainability 12(19), https://doi.org/10.3390/su12197836
  • SABATINO, Anna Chiara (2022). “Audiovisual Means to Therapeutic Ends. The Cinematic Dispositif within Medical Humanities”, Cinéma & Cie, 22(39).
  • RUST, Stephen, MONANI, Salma and CUBITT, Sean (eds.) (2015). Ecomedia. Key Issues, London, Routledge.
  • TSCHESCHEL, Janin and HARTMANN, Britta (2022). “Gespräche mit verrückten Frauen. Selbsterkundung und Selbstmächtigung im autobiograpischen Dokumentarfilm”, in Tobias Dietrich and Winfried Pauleit (eds.), Kopf/Kino. Psychische Erkrankung und Film, Berlin, Bertz und Fischer, 116-126.
  • Paper 1: Janin Tschechel – Filmmaking as Therapy. Autobiographical Documentary Filming as a Self-therapeutic Approach to Mental Illness
  • Paper 2: Mireille Berton – Digital Topographies of the Self: Navigating Mental Health in Je ne me souviens de rien (Diane Sara Bouzgarrou, 2017)
  • Paper 3: Tobias Dietrich – Personal Suffering as Environmental Suffering: Understanding Body-specific Pain with Ecological References in Erica Monde’s There is not much we can do (2022)
  • Paper 4: Anna Chiara Sabatino & Paola Lamberti – Digital Healthcare and eco-anxiety: discovering self-representational green storytelling on Ecotok

Je ne me souviens de rien (Diane Sara Bouzgarrou, 2017)
Je ne me souviens de rien (Diane Sara Bouzgarrou, 2017)

Janin Tschechel – Filmmaking as Therapy. Autobiographical Documentary Filming as a Self-therapeutic Approach to Mental Illnes

Mental illness is often a lifelong journey. It is a journey with its ups and downs, a journey on which people often rediscover themselves and their environment, forcing them to revise their concept of identity.

Against this backdrop, the presentation will highlight the specific challenges and self-therapeutic potential that arise when filmmakers create documentary films about the course of their own illness from the perspective of those affected. These films use the camera not only as a tool of observation, but also as a medium of self-exploration and as a means of providing evidence and reassurance of one’s own emotional state in times of crisis.

The focus of the paper is on long-term projects such as that of Gamma Bak (Schnupfen im Kopf, Germany 2010), who films herself over a period of years in times of crisis, emphasizing the processual nature of her own reflections rather than the completed report of a retrospective. These works unfold a unique dynamic: the camera opens up an emotional resonance space in which the (previously) unspoken becomes visible and can be made the subject of discussion.   

The central research questions to be addressed in this lecture are as follows: What role does the camera play as a tool for self-exploration, self-therapy and self-empowerment? What aesthetic and narrative strategies do filmmakers develop to make their subjective experience accessible without turning to voyeurism or pathos? And how can the film diary function as an intermediary between personal processing and public debate?

The analysis situates these works within the field of tension between personal therapy, documentary practice and artistic intervention, and explores the contribution of the filmic medium to dealing with individual traumas, but also to reflecting on social narratives of mental illness.

Keywords: mental illness, therapeutic filmmaking, self-exploration; Gamma Back; documentary

Janin Tscheschel is a research assistant at the Institute for Linguistics, Media and Music Studies at the University Bonn. She is currently undertaking her PhD, which focuses on the representation of mental illness in documentary film. Prior to this, she completed a bi-national Bachelor’s degree in German-French Studies at the University of Bonn and at the Université Paris Sorbonne, Paris IV. She subsequently pursued a trinational Master’s degree programme in European Film and Media Studies at the Bauhaus University Weimar, the Université Lumière Lyon 2 and the Universiteit Utrecht. Alongside her role as a research assistant, she works as a freelance video/photographer and editor.

Mireille Berton – Digital Topographies of the Self: Navigating Mental Health in Je ne me souviens de rien (Diane Sara Bouzgarrou, 2017)

The French documentary film Je ne me souviens de rien (2017) by Diane Sara Bouzgarrou offers an exploration of mental health through the lens of personal experience and digital media. It serves as a first-person account of the director’s manic-depressive episode during the Tunisian revolution of 2010, intertwining personal turmoil with political upheaval. Utilizing a variety of digital recording devices, Bouzgarrou captures her experiences in real-time, creating a rich archive of audiovisual material. This collection includes footage from a lightweight digital camera, mobile phone recordings, photographs, writings, drawings, and collages. These digital traces, preserved by her partner and fellow filmmaker Thomas Jenkoe, serve as a surrogate memory, compensating for the amnesia that followed her depressive phase. Incorporating textual interludes, the film provides reflective commentary that bridges past and present, offering insights into the director’s journey toward self-reconstruction.

I will argue that “Je ne me souviens de rien” functions as a mnemonic psychic envelope (Anzieu 1995; Lavallée 1999), capable of reconstructing and repairing a damaged self, undermined by the manic-depressive episode, through technological memory. Without being a therapeutic film, it weaves a “digital topography” where the boundaries between private and public space are fluctuating and porous. The digital screens, both in and of the film, serve as supports for a raw artistic gesture that reveals the limits of creative documentary. They precisely sit at the intersection between the Self and the Non-Self (“I had become someone else”, says Bouzgarrou), the psychic and the technological, the intimate and the “extime” (Lacan 2006; Tisseron 2011). In doing so, they become interfaces for inscription, meaning, and communication, while the film transforms into a psychic envelope with containing, protective, and reflective virtues.

Keywords: Diane Sara Bouzgarrou; digital self; self-exploration; documentary; mental illness; Moi-Peau

Mireille Berton is a associate professor in the Department of History and Esthetics of Cinema at the University of Lausanne (Switzerland). Her research focuses on the relationship between cinema and the mind sciences (psychoanalysis, psychiatry, parapsychology), and the cultural history of spectatorship. She is the author of three books, Spectatrices du cinema : aux origines d’un imaginaire (Paris, 2025). Le Médium (au) cinéma. Le spiritisme à l’écran (Geneva, 2021), Le Corps nerveux des spectateurs. Cinéma et sciences du psychisme autour de 1900 (Lausanne, 2015). She is principal investigator of the SNFS project “Cinéma et (neuro)psychiatrie en Suisse: autour de la collection Waldau (1920–1970)” and is editing a collective volume with Julia B. Köhne, Cinematic Explorations of the Mind: Film Cultures in Neurology and Psychiatry in Europe, 1900-1960, to be published by Manchester University Press.

Tobias Dietrich – Personal Suffering as Environmental Suffering: Understanding Body-specific Pain with Ecological References in Erica Monde’s THERE IS NOT MUCH WE CAN DO (2022)

Endometriosis is a sex related chronic illness, that is estimated to globally affect every 10th person with an uterus. Tissue that normally covers the inside of the uterus, grows outside the uterus causing chronic pelvic pain, increased and prolonged menstrual cramps as well as nausea, painful urination and even infertility, amongst others. The history of endometriosis is a history of unacknowledged, misunderstood and misexplained female pain whose criteria of explanation have seemed to be more of moral and anti-feminist assessment than of medical knowledge. To this day, the causes are unknown and the willingness of research policy to investigate them is disproportionately low compared to the economic costs of 22 billion USD that they have caused in 2002 and may have increased since then. In comparison, migraine and Crohn’s disease, for example, cost society 865 million USD or 13-17 billion USD respectively. In contrast, the German government for example is providing 5 million euros annually for an initial period of three years to research the causes, progression and diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to endometriosis, responding to Macron’s 2022 announcement of a national strategy to combat endometriosis, which would envisage France leading the way in research and innovation. Although symptoms have been described since Hippocrates, this disease has only received increasing medical attention in recent decades and political in recent years.

In their essayfilm THERE IS NOT MUCH WE CAN DO (2022), Scotland-based Californian filmmaker and anthropologist Erica Monde, theirself affected by the condition, utilises the parallels to the sickness of nature, which also has only recently received serious research interest, to understand endometriosis not in a clinical context, but in an aesthetic one that places the body in connection with nature. On the one hand, they tie the discourse to the closeness to nature of former female practices, without slipping into the realm of the alternative or esoteric, and on the other hand, Monde refers to the discursive rhetoric of the ‘ecological grief’, which has itself only recently become an emerging scientific term, to pose questions about the troubled body and the diseased environment. The talk will explore how Monde utilises an associative process of audio-visual image-sound-text weaving, using the metaphor of the invasive species of Japanese Knotweed and its ecological and economic consequences for the UK, to present their own medical journey as link of endometriosis to the wider discourse of the ailing planet.

Keywords: eco-anxiety; endometriosis; Erica Monde; ecological grief’; medical journey

Dr. Tobias Dietrich: 2019–2024 university lecturer for film studies and film education at the Institute for Art History – Film Studies – Art Education/ZeMKI at the University of Bremen, Germany, doctoral thesis on the subject of ‘The Aesthetic Dimension of Mental Illness in Contemporary Auteur Films’. Founding member of the U-Bremen research network ‘Health Humanities and Audiovisual Cultures’ (He:Ku), freelance film curator and a member of the film jury at the Scottish Mental Health Arts Festivals, Glasgow. Publications: Kopf/Kino. Psychische Erkrankung und Film (2022, Berlin, co-ed. with Winfried Pauleit). Filme für den Eimer. Das Experimentalkino von Klaus Telscher (2017, Stuttgart).

Anna Chiara Sabatino & Paola Lamberti – Digital Healthcare and eco-anxiety: discovering self-representational green storytelling on Ecotok

In an era marked by ecological crisis, the growing eco-anxiety among the younger generation is not just a reaction to environmental catastrophes, but a symptom of a deep collective malaise. It is no longer just the future that is under threat, but also psychological well-being, since digital social media narratives have increasingly contributed to forming a catastrophic vision of the future, fueling multiple generations’ fears. However, self-narratives on platforms such as TikTok serve as a powerful act of participation, where young people not only confront eco-anxiety but turn these concerns into a journey towards awareness and change.

Through a combination of short formats and remixes (particularly of the documentary genre), the green influencers of the #Ecotok on TikTok combine personal narratives of eco-anxiety with political statements and calls to action. However, a further dimension emerges in the #Everydaylife vlogs, where the environment becomes a catalyst for reconnecting the individual with his or her identity. Such confrontation between opposite stylistic flows and narrative aims leads to a peculiar digital activism based on personal narratives, creating fertile ground for emotional and political explorations on younger generations’ health and well-being.

Our paper therefore aims to explore how the ecological crisis and psychological concerns are represented on Tik Tok self-representations, where younger people not only address their anxieties related to climate change, but also create new modes of ‘emotional navigation’ that combine collective participation with personal growth. In this perspective, digital healthcare manifests itself as an act of resistance in a response to the ecological crisis that is not only political, but also deeply individual and transformative.

Keywords: EcoTok; TikTok; green storytelling; eco-anxiety; self-narrative; ecological grief.

Anna Chiara Sabatino is an Adjunct Professor of Audiovisual Storytelling and Fellow Researcher in Visual Culture at University of Salerno. Member of the steering committee of the Audiovisual Storytelling Lab (Labsav), her ongoing research is focused on cinematic agency, amateur and participatory authorships, self-representation through mobile media and methodological applications for therapeutic images. As documentary filmmaker and Italian MIUR certificated trainee in media education, she holds participatory workshops and masterclasses in Italy and across Europe.

Paola Lamberti is a PhD student in Communication, Media, Languages at the University of Salerno. Her research focuses on the agentive and performative practices of youth narratives on social networks, digital storytelling and the relations between different regimes of subjective, historical and technological temporality. In particular, she focuses on narratives about the climate crisis and eco-anxiety in young people. Since graduating in Corporate Communication and Media, she collaborates with LABSAV (Laboratory of Audiovisual Storytelling) at the University of Salerno

[Conference] The NECS 2023 Conference: Care – University of Oslo – 13.-17. of June 2023 

Panels from the Media and Mental Health workgroup, led by Mireille Berton & Bregt Lameris

NECS Conference full program

Much as literature can “repair the world” (Gefen 2017), audiovisual cultures, practices, and imaginaries have, from the outset, tried repairing our conditions as victims, to fight against illness, to relieve our traumas, to foster our empathic inclination. By taking the opposite side of the discourse that laments the damaging effects of screens (analog and digital) on the psyche, these panels explore, through case studies, the restorative, healing and reconciling effects of audiovisual images in the field of mental health.

While moving images have often caused concern because of their suggestive power, they have also been perceived as a valuable tool for health education, and sometimes even for health itself. This is evidenced by the recommendations of doctors in defense of the motion pictures (Berton 2015, 2016. 2017; Toropova 2022), the construction, within hospital institutions, of spaces dedicated to cinematographic projections seen as a leisure activity supporting the mental balance of the patients (Hennefeld 2022), moving colors used to heal shell shock soldiers, such as Auroratone films (Pernuit 2021), or more recently the creation of multimedia or immersive dispositifs meant to represent mental illness such as Goliath. Playing with reality or have therapeutical effects (Cavaletti & Grossi 2020).

These panels invite us to reflect on the question of “care” understood in the broad sense at two levels: that of practices, discourses and representations regarding the therapeutic or restorative powers of the media; and that of the historical or archaeological approach, which consists of taking care of “fragile” objects such as films, images, sounds, media, audiovisual devices, etc. (Denis & Pontille 2022).

 

Article by Mary Hallock-Greenwalt published in Motion Picture News (August 1921)

Panel B2, 15th June, 11 am – Caring and Repairing through Audiovisual Images: Films and other Medias for Mental Health – Part I – Film and Video Chair: Mireille Berton (University of Lausanne)

  • Paper 1 –– Beatrice Irwin and the Therapeutic Culture of North American Screen Practices (1910–1940), Pierre-Jacques Pernuit (University of Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne)
  • Paper 2 — Caring Colours, Bregt Lameris (Open University of the Netherlands)
  • Paper 3 — Videotherapy through self-confrontation. Methods and approaches in the IAAPP (International Working Group for Audiovision in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy) 1977–1999, Renée Winter (Department of Contemporary History at the University of Vienna)
  • Paper 4 — Between self-help and how-to: reproductive (mental) health and prenatal care on film 1920s–1970s, Katrin Pilz (Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital History, Vienna)

Panel C2, 15th June, 14 pm – Caring for the Mentally Disordered; Learning Practice and Empathy from Mental Health Nursing Films Chair: Magdalena Zdrodowska (Jagiellonian University, Poland)

  • Paper 1 –– Papering over the cracks in nursing recruitment: a look at how films from the archives toe the line between fantasy and reality in mental healthcare, Angela Saward (Wellcome Collection, London)
  • Paper 2 –– Filming psychiatric nursing in Switzerland in the 1920s. A maieutic between “care” and “cure”, Raphaël Tinguely (University of Lausanne)
  • Paper 3 –– Studying research and teaching films in psychiatry: What practices of care?, Mireille Berton (University of Lausanne)

Panel D2, 16th June, 9 am – Caring and Repairing through Audiovisual Images: Films and other Medias for Mental Health – Part II – Digital Worlds Chair : Bregt Lameris (Open University of the Netherlands)

  • Paper 1 — On the Couch with Arielle and Mowgli. Therapeutic Narratives in Documentaries about Mental Illness, Janin Tschechel (University of Bonn)
  • Paper 2 The mediated practices and narratives of care. Artists and activists with disabilities under quarantine, Magdalena Zdrodowska (Jagiellonian University, Poland)
  • Paper 3 — Taking Care. VR, Immersiveness, Intimacy, Elisabetta Modena
  • Paper 4 –– Take Care of Your Digital Self: On the Usage of Virtual Reality in Contemporary Psychotherapy Practices, Federica Cavaletti & Giancarlo Grossi (University of Milan)

Panel I9, 17th June, 14 pm – Mental Health in Film and Television

  • Paper 1 – Everything Calls for Salvation: Caring for Mental Health among Adolescent through a TV Show, Romana Andó (Sapienza University of Rome) & Leonardo Campagna (Sapienza University of Rome)
  • Paper 2 – Consenting When in a Vulnerable Position: An Ethical Discussion on TV Participation, Kjersti Blehr Lånkan (Oslo Metropolitan University)
  • Paper 3 – Institutional Films From the Waldau’s Psychiatric Film Collections, or the Shift From the “Cure Gaze” to the “Care Gaze”, Elodie Murtas (University of Lausanne)
  • Paper 4 – Cinemas of Insanity: Popular Culture and the Precarization of Care, Simon Schleusener (Freie Universität Berlin)

NECS Conference full program



“Media and Mental Health”, a call for proposals panel

NECS Conference Epistemic Media: Atlas, Archive, Network, Bucharest, National University of Theatre and Film, 22-26 June, 2022

Since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, many actors in the field of mental health have pointed out the risks that such a phenomenon poses to the psychological balance of citizens under such stress. At a time when the 5th wave of Covid-19 is raging, the question of how to visualize data on the circulation of the disease on a global scale is more important than ever. Often compared to the Spanish flu or even to the various plague epidemics of the Middle Ages, Covid-19, like other respiratory diseases that appeared at the turn of our century, is characterized by its invisibility. It is not only difficult to locate the origin of the virus, but also to track its circulation in a globalized world where a virus can survive over long distances.

COVID-19 Dashboard by John Hopkins University (screenshot of 22.12.21)

Similarly it is difficult, in our times of interconnectedness through media, to locate origins and truthfulness of knowledge, discourses circulating on the pandemic and the virus. With that in mind it is interesting to ask what role the audiovisual and social media play in exacerbating or, on the contrary, countering fears about the pandemic. As Kirsten Ostherr (Ostherr 2020) shows for the Zika Virus, social media can also encourage the development of counter-narratives about the consequences of the disease.

This leads to questions such as: How do current representations and discourses on contagion negotiate the problem of the virus’ elusiveness and what are the consequences on mental health? How do digital and social media contribute to changing the ways in which the disease is codified and represented? What rhetorics are used now and in the past to talk about viruses and what kind of emotions can this evoke? How does the knowledge produced by the media contribute to the impact of users’ mental health? To what extent can contagion be seen as a metaphor for the circulation of knowledge about the pandemic?

Old and new visual rhetorics of contagion

These questions are just a few examples inspired by the current pandemic, to encourage proposals to reflect on the role of (audio)visual media in the construction of mental health-related knowledge and norms. Because it is an epistemic practice that produces discourses on what is normal and what is pathological, it has a central role in social mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion. Therefore, we would like to question the ways in which the audiovisual media participate in drawing the boundaries between mental illness and health and what social, political and ideological issues underlie such processes.

Despite this important social role of media, research on audiovisual materials concerning mental health issues has long been a niche in media studies and medical humanities. A similar development can be noticed for research on mental health problems in relation to other media forms such as television, streaming platforms, telemedicine devices, social media, video games, etc. Since the 2000s interest in the relationship between audiovisual media and (mental) health has been growing, as shown by the ERC BodyCapital research program, the MedFilm platform, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and its Medicine on Screen collections and essays, the Wellcome collection or several important publications. More recently a new research project was funded on the Waldau collection in Switzerland. All these works show the vitality of a field of research that aims to understand the role of the media in the medical sciences, which contributes early on to modifying the epistemology of medicine and health.

The Eternal Fight (WHO, 1948)

Scholars from all areas of cinema and media studies, whether previously affiliated with NECS or new to the network, are invited to submit proposals, but NECS membership is a requirement.

Please submit your proposal before the 10th of January 2022, providing your name, email address, the title of the paper, an abstract (max. 300 words), key biographical references (max. 200 words), and a short bio (max. 150 words). Presentations last a maximum of 20 minutes, 15 minutes if the panel consists of 4 presenters.

Proposal has to be sent to mireille.berton@unil.ch and bregt.lameris@ou.nl

Mireille Berton (UNIL) & Bregt Lameris (Open Universiteit, NL)

Reference

OSTHERR, Kirsten (2020), “Zika Virus, Global Health Communication, and Datasurveillance”, in Christian Bonah & Anja Laukötter (eds.), Body, Capital and Screens. Visual Media and the Healthy Self in the 20th Century, Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Press, 305-334.