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Navigating (Mental) Health and Environmental Crises Through Cinematic and Digital Lenses

In the name of the Media, Health & Disablity workgroup, we presentend a panel at The NECS 2025 Conference “Discovering/Uncovering. Navigating the Complexities of Screen Media” (Lisbon, June 18–21, 2025): Navigating (Mental) Health and Environmental Crises Through Cinematic and Digital Lenses.

This panel examines the intersection of (mental) health and environmental crises as depicted in contemporary cinema and media. It explores how audiovisual narratives serve as platforms for uncovering and representing psychological conditions emerging in the Anthropocene era, with a particular focus on eco-anxiety and related mental health challenges.

The presentations investigate the role of autobiographical documentary filmmaking as a self-therapeutic approach to mental illness, highlighting the camera’s function as a tool for self-exploration and empowerment. They analyze how personal narratives within documentaries provide intimate insights into individuals’ experiences with mental illness, emphasizing the therapeutic and reflective aspects of these stories.

Additionally, the panel delves into the concept of “digital topographies of the self,” examining how digital media facilitates the reconstruction and repair of fragmented identities affected by mental health crises. It considers the fluctuating boundaries between private and public spaces in digital autobiographical narratives and how these narratives contribute to a deeper understanding of the human psyche during ecological upheaval.

Furthermore, the discussions address the portrayal of personal suffering as environmental suffering, exploring how filmmakers draw parallels between individual bodily pain and ecological distress. This perspective offers a nuanced understanding of how environmental degradation impacts mental health, reflecting on the interconnectedness of personal and planetary well-being.

By engaging with these themes, the panel aims to foster a comprehensive discussion on the responsibilities and complexities inherent in representing mental health and environmental crises in media. It seeks to uncover how cinematic and media narratives can contribute to destigmatizing mental health challenges and promote a deeper understanding of the psychological impacts of environmental issues in the contemporary world.

References

  • BRERETON, Pat (2015). Environmental Ethics and Film, London, Routledge.
  • BROPHY, Hailie, OLSON, Joanne, PAUL, Pauline (2023). “Eco-anxiety in Youth: An Integrative Literature Review”, International Journal of Mental Health Nursing 32(2), 633-661.
  • COHEN, Joshua L. and JOHNSON, J. Lauren (eds) (2015). Video and Filmmaking as Psychotherapy. Research and Practice, London/New York, Routledge.
  • DIETRICH, Tobias and PAULEIT, Winfried (eds.) (2022). Kopf/Kino. Psychische Erkrankung und Film, Berlin, Bertz und Fischer.
  • Goursat, Juliette (2016). Mises en “je”: autobiographie et film documentaire, Presses universitaires de Provence.
  • JOHNSON, J. Lauren (2020). “Therapeutic Filmmaking”, in The Routledge Companion to Health Humanities, London, Routledge (chapter 60).
  • JOHNSON, J. Lauren and ALDERSON, Kevin G. (2007). “Therapeutic Filmmaking: An Exploratory Pilot Study”, The Arts in Psychotherapy 35(1), 2008, 11-19.
  • KURTH, Charlie and PIHKALA, Panu (2022). “Eco-anxiety: What It Is and Why It Matters”, Frontiers in Psychology 13, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.981814
  • Leb PIHKALA, Panu (2020). “Anxiety and the Ecological Crisis: An Analysis of Eco-Anxiety and Climate Anxiety”, Sustainability 12(19), https://doi.org/10.3390/su12197836
  • SABATINO, Anna Chiara (2022). “Audiovisual Means to Therapeutic Ends. The Cinematic Dispositif within Medical Humanities”, Cinéma & Cie, 22(39).
  • RUST, Stephen, MONANI, Salma and CUBITT, Sean (eds.) (2015). Ecomedia. Key Issues, London, Routledge.
  • TSCHESCHEL, Janin and HARTMANN, Britta (2022). “Gespräche mit verrückten Frauen. Selbsterkundung und Selbstmächtigung im autobiograpischen Dokumentarfilm”, in Tobias Dietrich and Winfried Pauleit (eds.), Kopf/Kino. Psychische Erkrankung und Film, Berlin, Bertz und Fischer, 116-126.
  • Paper 1: Janin Tschechel – Filmmaking as Therapy. Autobiographical Documentary Filming as a Self-therapeutic Approach to Mental Illness
  • Paper 2: Mireille Berton – Digital Topographies of the Self: Navigating Mental Health in Je ne me souviens de rien (Diane Sara Bouzgarrou, 2017)
  • Paper 3: Tobias Dietrich – Personal Suffering as Environmental Suffering: Understanding Body-specific Pain with Ecological References in Erica Monde’s There is not much we can do (2022)
  • Paper 4: Anna Chiara Sabatino & Paola Lamberti – Digital Healthcare and eco-anxiety: discovering self-representational green storytelling on Ecotok

Je ne me souviens de rien (Diane Sara Bouzgarrou, 2017)
Je ne me souviens de rien (Diane Sara Bouzgarrou, 2017)

Janin Tschechel – Filmmaking as Therapy. Autobiographical Documentary Filming as a Self-therapeutic Approach to Mental Illnes

Mental illness is often a lifelong journey. It is a journey with its ups and downs, a journey on which people often rediscover themselves and their environment, forcing them to revise their concept of identity.

Against this backdrop, the presentation will highlight the specific challenges and self-therapeutic potential that arise when filmmakers create documentary films about the course of their own illness from the perspective of those affected. These films use the camera not only as a tool of observation, but also as a medium of self-exploration and as a means of providing evidence and reassurance of one’s own emotional state in times of crisis.

The focus of the paper is on long-term projects such as that of Gamma Bak (Schnupfen im Kopf, Germany 2010), who films herself over a period of years in times of crisis, emphasizing the processual nature of her own reflections rather than the completed report of a retrospective. These works unfold a unique dynamic: the camera opens up an emotional resonance space in which the (previously) unspoken becomes visible and can be made the subject of discussion.   

The central research questions to be addressed in this lecture are as follows: What role does the camera play as a tool for self-exploration, self-therapy and self-empowerment? What aesthetic and narrative strategies do filmmakers develop to make their subjective experience accessible without turning to voyeurism or pathos? And how can the film diary function as an intermediary between personal processing and public debate?

The analysis situates these works within the field of tension between personal therapy, documentary practice and artistic intervention, and explores the contribution of the filmic medium to dealing with individual traumas, but also to reflecting on social narratives of mental illness.

Keywords: mental illness, therapeutic filmmaking, self-exploration; Gamma Back; documentary

Janin Tscheschel is a research assistant at the Institute for Linguistics, Media and Music Studies at the University Bonn. She is currently undertaking her PhD, which focuses on the representation of mental illness in documentary film. Prior to this, she completed a bi-national Bachelor’s degree in German-French Studies at the University of Bonn and at the Université Paris Sorbonne, Paris IV. She subsequently pursued a trinational Master’s degree programme in European Film and Media Studies at the Bauhaus University Weimar, the Université Lumière Lyon 2 and the Universiteit Utrecht. Alongside her role as a research assistant, she works as a freelance video/photographer and editor.

Mireille Berton – Digital Topographies of the Self: Navigating Mental Health in Je ne me souviens de rien (Diane Sara Bouzgarrou, 2017)

The French documentary film Je ne me souviens de rien (2017) by Diane Sara Bouzgarrou offers an exploration of mental health through the lens of personal experience and digital media. It serves as a first-person account of the director’s manic-depressive episode during the Tunisian revolution of 2010, intertwining personal turmoil with political upheaval. Utilizing a variety of digital recording devices, Bouzgarrou captures her experiences in real-time, creating a rich archive of audiovisual material. This collection includes footage from a lightweight digital camera, mobile phone recordings, photographs, writings, drawings, and collages. These digital traces, preserved by her partner and fellow filmmaker Thomas Jenkoe, serve as a surrogate memory, compensating for the amnesia that followed her depressive phase. Incorporating textual interludes, the film provides reflective commentary that bridges past and present, offering insights into the director’s journey toward self-reconstruction.

I will argue that “Je ne me souviens de rien” functions as a mnemonic psychic envelope (Anzieu 1995; Lavallée 1999), capable of reconstructing and repairing a damaged self, undermined by the manic-depressive episode, through technological memory. Without being a therapeutic film, it weaves a “digital topography” where the boundaries between private and public space are fluctuating and porous. The digital screens, both in and of the film, serve as supports for a raw artistic gesture that reveals the limits of creative documentary. They precisely sit at the intersection between the Self and the Non-Self (“I had become someone else”, says Bouzgarrou), the psychic and the technological, the intimate and the “extime” (Lacan 2006; Tisseron 2011). In doing so, they become interfaces for inscription, meaning, and communication, while the film transforms into a psychic envelope with containing, protective, and reflective virtues.

Keywords: Diane Sara Bouzgarrou; digital self; self-exploration; documentary; mental illness; Moi-Peau

Mireille Berton is a associate professor in the Department of History and Esthetics of Cinema at the University of Lausanne (Switzerland). Her research focuses on the relationship between cinema and the mind sciences (psychoanalysis, psychiatry, parapsychology), and the cultural history of spectatorship. She is the author of three books, Spectatrices du cinema : aux origines d’un imaginaire (Paris, 2025). Le Médium (au) cinéma. Le spiritisme à l’écran (Geneva, 2021), Le Corps nerveux des spectateurs. Cinéma et sciences du psychisme autour de 1900 (Lausanne, 2015). She is principal investigator of the SNFS project “Cinéma et (neuro)psychiatrie en Suisse: autour de la collection Waldau (1920–1970)” and is editing a collective volume with Julia B. Köhne, Cinematic Explorations of the Mind: Film Cultures in Neurology and Psychiatry in Europe, 1900-1960, to be published by Manchester University Press.

Tobias Dietrich – Personal Suffering as Environmental Suffering: Understanding Body-specific Pain with Ecological References in Erica Monde’s THERE IS NOT MUCH WE CAN DO (2022)

Endometriosis is a sex related chronic illness, that is estimated to globally affect every 10th person with an uterus. Tissue that normally covers the inside of the uterus, grows outside the uterus causing chronic pelvic pain, increased and prolonged menstrual cramps as well as nausea, painful urination and even infertility, amongst others. The history of endometriosis is a history of unacknowledged, misunderstood and misexplained female pain whose criteria of explanation have seemed to be more of moral and anti-feminist assessment than of medical knowledge. To this day, the causes are unknown and the willingness of research policy to investigate them is disproportionately low compared to the economic costs of 22 billion USD that they have caused in 2002 and may have increased since then. In comparison, migraine and Crohn’s disease, for example, cost society 865 million USD or 13-17 billion USD respectively. In contrast, the German government for example is providing 5 million euros annually for an initial period of three years to research the causes, progression and diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to endometriosis, responding to Macron’s 2022 announcement of a national strategy to combat endometriosis, which would envisage France leading the way in research and innovation. Although symptoms have been described since Hippocrates, this disease has only received increasing medical attention in recent decades and political in recent years.

In their essayfilm THERE IS NOT MUCH WE CAN DO (2022), Scotland-based Californian filmmaker and anthropologist Erica Monde, theirself affected by the condition, utilises the parallels to the sickness of nature, which also has only recently received serious research interest, to understand endometriosis not in a clinical context, but in an aesthetic one that places the body in connection with nature. On the one hand, they tie the discourse to the closeness to nature of former female practices, without slipping into the realm of the alternative or esoteric, and on the other hand, Monde refers to the discursive rhetoric of the ‘ecological grief’, which has itself only recently become an emerging scientific term, to pose questions about the troubled body and the diseased environment. The talk will explore how Monde utilises an associative process of audio-visual image-sound-text weaving, using the metaphor of the invasive species of Japanese Knotweed and its ecological and economic consequences for the UK, to present their own medical journey as link of endometriosis to the wider discourse of the ailing planet.

Keywords: eco-anxiety; endometriosis; Erica Monde; ecological grief’; medical journey

Dr. Tobias Dietrich: 2019–2024 university lecturer for film studies and film education at the Institute for Art History – Film Studies – Art Education/ZeMKI at the University of Bremen, Germany, doctoral thesis on the subject of ‘The Aesthetic Dimension of Mental Illness in Contemporary Auteur Films’. Founding member of the U-Bremen research network ‘Health Humanities and Audiovisual Cultures’ (He:Ku), freelance film curator and a member of the film jury at the Scottish Mental Health Arts Festivals, Glasgow. Publications: Kopf/Kino. Psychische Erkrankung und Film (2022, Berlin, co-ed. with Winfried Pauleit). Filme für den Eimer. Das Experimentalkino von Klaus Telscher (2017, Stuttgart).

Anna Chiara Sabatino & Paola Lamberti – Digital Healthcare and eco-anxiety: discovering self-representational green storytelling on Ecotok

In an era marked by ecological crisis, the growing eco-anxiety among the younger generation is not just a reaction to environmental catastrophes, but a symptom of a deep collective malaise. It is no longer just the future that is under threat, but also psychological well-being, since digital social media narratives have increasingly contributed to forming a catastrophic vision of the future, fueling multiple generations’ fears. However, self-narratives on platforms such as TikTok serve as a powerful act of participation, where young people not only confront eco-anxiety but turn these concerns into a journey towards awareness and change.

Through a combination of short formats and remixes (particularly of the documentary genre), the green influencers of the #Ecotok on TikTok combine personal narratives of eco-anxiety with political statements and calls to action. However, a further dimension emerges in the #Everydaylife vlogs, where the environment becomes a catalyst for reconnecting the individual with his or her identity. Such confrontation between opposite stylistic flows and narrative aims leads to a peculiar digital activism based on personal narratives, creating fertile ground for emotional and political explorations on younger generations’ health and well-being.

Our paper therefore aims to explore how the ecological crisis and psychological concerns are represented on Tik Tok self-representations, where younger people not only address their anxieties related to climate change, but also create new modes of ‘emotional navigation’ that combine collective participation with personal growth. In this perspective, digital healthcare manifests itself as an act of resistance in a response to the ecological crisis that is not only political, but also deeply individual and transformative.

Keywords: EcoTok; TikTok; green storytelling; eco-anxiety; self-narrative; ecological grief.

Anna Chiara Sabatino is an Adjunct Professor of Audiovisual Storytelling and Fellow Researcher in Visual Culture at University of Salerno. Member of the steering committee of the Audiovisual Storytelling Lab (Labsav), her ongoing research is focused on cinematic agency, amateur and participatory authorships, self-representation through mobile media and methodological applications for therapeutic images. As documentary filmmaker and Italian MIUR certificated trainee in media education, she holds participatory workshops and masterclasses in Italy and across Europe.

Paola Lamberti is a PhD student in Communication, Media, Languages at the University of Salerno. Her research focuses on the agentive and performative practices of youth narratives on social networks, digital storytelling and the relations between different regimes of subjective, historical and technological temporality. In particular, she focuses on narratives about the climate crisis and eco-anxiety in young people. Since graduating in Corporate Communication and Media, she collaborates with LABSAV (Laboratory of Audiovisual Storytelling) at the University of Salerno